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来源：快盈v软件2024-05-01 17:48

国潮才是最潮！中外学者剖析东西文化吸引力之变******

　　中新网北京1月10日电 (记者阚枫)“国潮才是最潮，华流才是顶流”，这句中国年轻人常挂嘴边的网络流行语能折射出，近些年来，东西方文化吸引力的悄然变化。日前，来自中国和伊朗的学者在中新社“东西问·中外对话”中，剖析了东西方文明交往中，东方文化的自信回归。

　　“我年轻的时候，还能听到很多老年人将煤油叫洋油，火柴叫洋火，‘洋’字代表了一种我们说不出的洋气感，这其实就是文化吸引力。”中国社科院学部委员、中国边疆研究所所长邢广程说。

　　邢广程表示，不同文明之间的交流交往，必然会产生文化撞击，强势文化对弱势文明构成吸引力，近代史上的中国长期闭关锁国，文明进程落后于世界。一方面，国民产生了一种不自信或者很自卑的文化心理。另一方面，也有部分国人出现崇洋媚外的文化心理，“土”和“洋”之间形成强烈心理反差。

　　文化心理变化源于发展水平提升。邢广程说，新中国成立之后，特别是改革开放40多年来，中国把握住历史机遇，实行全方位的改革开放，中国不仅在经济水平上获得长足发展，在科技、文化等方面都取得令世界刮目相看的成就，随着国人更深度地融入世界，人们对西方的认识也更深入、更客观。

　　“现在我们常说‘平视世界’，从文化角度解释，就是我们可以更客观地将西方文化作为一种和我们平等交流的文明载体来看待，东西文化吸引力不是单向的，而是双向、多向的。”

　　邢广程说，从过去的“仰视”到如今的“平视”，支撑这种心态变化的最主要因素就是中国崛起，40多年来，中国尝到了改革开放的甜头，尝到了全球化的甜头，尝到了文明互鉴的甜头，开放的大门会越开越大，而文化自信的程度越高，中国也更有理由也有义务为人类文明做出更多中国贡献。

　　西南大学伊朗研究中心主任冀开运表示，近500年来，西方殖民主义者在全球范围内侵略剥削，不少古老文明备受压制，不过，这一过程客观上也促进了全球化时代的来临。近代以来，中华民族觉醒，主动积极地学习世界先进文化成果，结合自身文化特征，探寻到适合自身发展的现代化道路，这个过程本身也说明了中华文明开放包容的特质。

　　长期从事东方艺术研究的伊朗艺术研究院助理教授、东方部主任纳思霖表示，强调保护自己的文化、语言和文明，但这不意味着封闭，不同文明之间应在互相尊重的前提下密切交往。

　　“文化自信的回归是个很好的提法，其实，我们现在常说的美国文化，历史不是很长，只有几百年，甚至都无法称之为文化。中国、伊朗都有几千年深厚的文明积淀，应该让更多年轻人了解东方文化。”纳思霖说，现在的东方应该更有自信将更多东方文化用创新的形式传播到其他国家，促进世界文化交流。(完)

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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.